TechnoScience

New research has discovered that the strength of the connection between our brain and internal organs is linked to how we feel about our appearance New research has discovered that the strength of the connection between our brain and internal organs is linked to how we feel about our appearance. Published in the journal Cortex, the study is the first to investigate, and first to identify, the association between body image and the brain’s processing of internal signals that occur unconsciously. Carried out by a team of psychologists and neuroscientists at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), the study found that adults whose brains are less efficient at detecting these internal messages are more likely to experience body shame and weight preoccupation. This research could have therapeutic implications for people suffering with conditions in which body image plays a significant role. For example, the unconscious signals could be made conscious. Further research could even be applied to the c...

Although the DNA helical diameter is only 2 nm, the entire DNA strand in a single cell will stretch roughly 2 meters when completely unwound. The entire DNA strand must fit within the nucleus of a cell, so it must be very tightly packaged to fit. This is accomplished by wrapping the DNA around structural histone proteins, which act as scaffolding for the DNA to be coiled around. The entire structure is called a nucleosome, each of which includes an octamer of histone proteins and 146 to 147 base pairs of DNA. The millions of nucleosomes tightly coil the continuous DNA strand into chromatin which is further condensed into the chromosome classically visualized during cell division. The nucleosome structure was first described in 1974 by Roger Kornberg who, with evidence from biochemical experiments, X-ray diffraction studies, and electron microscopy images, proposed the nucleosome was comprised of repeating units of eight histone proteins and about 200 DNA base pairs. In the same year, M...

An adult hermaphrodite C. elegans worm Image © Wikipedia The roundworms and threadworms, a phylum of smooth-skinned, unsegmented worms with a long cylindrical body shape tapered at the ends; includes free-living and parasitic forms both aquatic and terrestrial. (Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology). C. elegans is a non-hazardous, non-infectious, non-pathogenic, non-parasitic organism. It is small, growing to about 1 mm in length, and lives in the soil—especially rotting vegetation—in many parts of the world, where it survives by feeding on microbes such as bacteria. It is of no economic importance to man. C. elegans neurons share many features with human neurons. Like human neurons, C. elegans neurons are composed of a cell body that contains the cell nucleus and the majority of the cellular organelles; dendrites, which are highly branched and receive signals from other neurons or sensory structures; axons, which transmit signals to other neurons or effector cells; and...

  A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids have a wide range of lengths, from roughly one thousand DNA base pairs to hundreds of thousands of base pairs. When a bacterium divides, all of the plasmids contained within the cell are copied such that each daughter cell receives a copy of each plasmid. Bacteria can also transfer plasmids to one another through a process called conjugation. Plasmids are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids are transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) mostly through conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material i...

Probable G-protein coupled receptor 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR75 gene. GPR75 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. GPRs are cell surface receptors that activate guanine-nucleotide binding proteins upon the binding of a ligand. GPR75 is currently classified as an orphan GPCR and several studies are underway to identify its ligand. In one study, the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) has been shown to stimulate calcium mobilization and inositol triphosphate formation in GPR75-transfected cells. GPR75 is rare mutation gene, leading to only one working copy of it. Being in this rare group of people is associated with a lower body weight and 54 percent lower odds of obesity. These results are consistent across multiple ancestries, environmental exposures and genetic backgrounds, and they strongly suggest GPR75 is one of many genes involved in weight gain. Gene location in human Whole exome sequencing, which can help us find mutations in certain gen...

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who practices oncology is an oncologist. Oncologist mainly focus on cancerous tumor. It's subdivisions are medical oncology, radiation oncology and surgical oncology. Cancers are often managed through discussion on multi-disciplinary cancer conferences where medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, and organ-specific oncologists meet to find the best possible management for an individual patient considering the physical, social, psychological, emotional, and financial status of the patient. It is very important for oncologists to keep up-to-date with the latest advancements in oncology, as changes in the management of cancer are quite common.  The three main divisions: Medical oncology: focuses on treatment of cancer with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Surgical oncology...

Epigenetics is the study of changes that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are modifications to DNA that regulate whether genes are turned on or off. These modifications are attached to DNA and do not change the sequence of DNA building blocks. Within the complete set of DNA in a cell (genome), all of the modifications that regulate the activity (expression) of the genes is known as the epigenome. Epigenetics most often involves changes that affect gene activity and expression, but the term can also be used to describe any heritable phenotypic change.  DNA Epigenetics in bacteria Epigenetics have fundamentals importance in eukaryotes, especially metazoan. Eukaryotes use epigenetics mechanism to regulate gene expressions which bacteria rarely do. In Alphaproteobacteria, methylation of adenine regulates the cell cycle and couple gene transcription to DNA replication.  Medicines Epigenetics has many and varied potential medical applications. It ha...

Artificial photosynthesis is the technology. Which does the process of plant. It convert Sunlight, Water and Carbon dioxide in Carbohydrates and Oxygen. It is a chemical process. In plants water molecule are photo-oxidized to develop water and photon. There is a light independent reactions which convert carbon dioxide in glucose. In artificial photosynthesis there will be photocatalyst which complete the above reaction. In Artificial photosynthesis there is photosensitizer. It produce electron to hydrogen catalyst when come contact with light. Research into finding catalysts that can convert water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight to carbohydrates or hydrogen is a current, active field. This also produce Solar fuel.