TechnoScience

Image credit - Pixabay How do you find your direction in space that doesn't involve a magnetic field, out between the galaxies where really there's no detectable magnetic field at all? Everything is moving. There's nothing to say this point is still and this is the reference point we're gonna use and everything moves according to that point. We're moving around the sun at about 66,000 miles an hour right now. The sun is moving around the galaxy, around the core of the galaxy, at about half a million miles an hour. We are actually falling gravitationally into the center of a cluster of galaxies at about a million and a half miles an hour. And that's just when we say relative to what? Relative to the sun. Relative to this group of galaxies. There is no absolute standard of reference in the universe. Let's talk first about compasses, and then maybe talk a bit more about the idea of how we locate ourselves in space in general. A compass is something that respond...

A new way of controlling the expansion of matter in a freely-falling Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) has produced the coldest effective temperature ever measured: 38 pK (10-12 K) above absolute zero. The method, which allowed researchers in Germany and France to image the condensate’s evolution for more than two seconds, opens the door to enhanced measurements of the gravitational constant g and photon recoil, and could even offer an alternative means of detecting gravitational waves. Image credit - Pixabay At two billionths of a degree above absolute zero, however, this wasn’t quite cold enough. So the team ran an experiment at the Bremen Drop Tower research facility, dropping the BEC trap 120 m (393.7 ft). During the free fall, the team switched the magnetic field containing the gas off and on repeatedly. To do so, the researchers started with a cloud of 100,000 rubidium atoms trapped in a magnetic field in a vacuum chamber. They then cooled this down to form a quantum gas called a Bo...

Simulation of colliding particles Exploring a metal superconductor comprised of both Germanium and Niobium (NbGe2), Boston College Assistant Professor of Physics Fazel Tafti, along with colleagues from Florida State University and the University of Texas in Dallas, discovered that a strong interaction between phonons and electrons modify the transport of electrons from their typical, particle-like (or diffusive) motion, to a hydrodynamic, of fluid-like, motion. And this marks the first discovery of an electron-phonon liquid within the NbGe2 substance, said Tafti in an embargoed release shared with IE. "We wanted to test a recent prediction of the 'electron-phonon fluid'," he added in the release, emphasizing how phonons are a crystal structure's vibration. "Typically, electrons are scattered by phonons which leads to the usual diffusive motion of electrons in metals. A new theory shows that when electrons strongly interact with phonons, they will form a unite...

Image credit - Unsplash Technology-savvy aliens could be powering their society using a hypothetical megastructure called a Dyson sphere to harvest energy from a black hole. And the sphere might radiate in peculiar ways, allowing telescopes on Earth to discover the existence of intelligent beings elsewhere in the universe, a new study suggests. A Dyson sphere is a speculative structure that would encircle a star with a tight formation of orbiting platforms in order to capture starlight and produce power. First proposed by theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson in 1960, the idea might be realized by a spacefaring extraterrestrial species who had spread out across their star system and therefore required ever-increasing amounts of energy. Dyson's answer is the Dyson sphere, or "a hollow ball built around the sun would solve the space and energy problems," according to his paper. Therefore, it's a theoretical device that sits around an entire star and harvests its energy. I...

All the forces, all the particles, all the constants, all the things under a single theoretical roof, where everything that we see is the result of tiny, vibrating strings. Theorists have been working on the idea since the 1960s, and one of the first things they realized is that for the theory to work, there have to be more dimensions than the four we're used to.  Universe could have more dimension then we realise In 1905, Albert Einstein showed in his Special Theory of Relativity that space is intimately connected to time via the cosmic speed limit of light and so, strictly speaking, we live in a Universe with four dimensions of space-time. For everyday purposes however, we think of the Universe in three dimensions of space (north-south, east-west, up-down) and one dimension of time (past-future). In that case, a fifth dimension would be an extra dimension of space. Such a dimension was proposed independently by physicists Oskar Klein and Theodor Kaluza in the 1920s. They were ins...

As humans look to become interplanetary species, one of the key requirements to survive long-duration flights to other planets or beyond Earth will be life-sustaining elements. Researchers have now succeeded in mining metals from microbes without using the traditionally required heavy machinery. Biomining has emerged as an alternative to traditional mining of metals when one doesn't have vast natural resources, heavy machinery and is travelling in space with nothing but complete vacuum outside the spacecraft. Biomining, therefore, offers a way to obtain required materials for use on other planetary bodies rather than transporting them from Earth.  Preflight fluorescence microscopy image of biofilm of Spingomonas desiccabilis growing over and into the surface of a basalt slide as part of Biorock experiment. Organisms are stained with DNA binding dye, Sybr Gold. Growth can be seen into the rock cavities. Image © NASA Vanadium is an element commercially added to steel to fabricate hig...

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity and possibility. It includes questions about the nature of consciousness and the relationship between mind and matter. Topics of metaphysical investigation include existence, objects and their properties, space and time, cause and effect, and possibility. Metaphysics is considered one of the four main branches of philosophy, along with epistemology, logic, and ethics.  Stephen Hawking was perfectly in line with the ancient philosophers when he acknowledged that physics points to the deeper questions of metaphysics. Indeed, when questions stop becoming scientific, they start becoming philosophical. If a yogi floats on air or walks on water, which cannot be explained by the principles of physics, probably we can explain it on the basis of metaphysics. Metaphysics (meta means ‘beyond’) is the study of those things and phenomena that are beyond t...

Physical laws such as Newton's second law of motion — which states that as a force applied to an object increases, its acceleration increases, and that as the object's mass increases, its acceleration decreases — apply to passive, nonliving matter, ranging from atoms to planets. But much of the matter in the world is active matter and moves under its own, self-directed, force. Active matter is a substance comprised of active particle that demonstrate the motility, that is the ability to exhibit motion and to perform mechanical work at the expense of metabolic energy.  The 'swirlon' - a novel state of active matter - displayed a stunning behavior whereby instead of moving with acceleration, the quasi-particle groups moved with a constant velocity, proportional to the applied force and in the same direction of the force. This conduct seemingly violates the Second Newton's Law. Professor Nikolai Brilliantov who led the investigation at the University of Leicester said:...

Superconductors are important materials that can conduct electricity without resistance when cooled below a certain temperature, making them highly desirable where energy consumption needs to be reduced. It show quantum properties which are very usefull for building computers that use quantum physics to store data and perform computing operations, and are specific. Much better than the best supercomputers on the task. As a result, leading high-tech companies such as Google, IBM, and Microsoft are in increasing demand for industrial-scale quantum computers using superconductors. However, the elementary units of quantum computers (qubits) are extremely sensitive and lose their quantum properties due to electromagnetic fields, heat and collisions with air molecules. Protection from these can be achieved by making more resilient qubits using a special class of superconductors called topological superconductors which in addition to being superconductors also host protected metallic states o...

To understand nanites you have to know what is nanotechnology. So, Nanotechnology is a field of research and innovation concerned with buildings things - generally, materials and device in the scale of atoms and molecules. The ideas of nanoscience begins with the book "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" by Richard Feynman. The nanites are famous because sci-fi series like 'Revolution" NBC's series and Vin Diesel movie 'Bloodshot'. Nanotechnology are developed at that level yet. Nanites is name for Nanorobotics it also has other like nanoids. It is technology field creating machine or robots whose component are at or near nanometers ( 10^-9 meters ). Example of nanorobotics are sensor having a switch approximately of 1.5 nanometer, able to count approximately molecules in chemical sample and a amazing single molecule car, wheel made of Buckminsterfullerene also called as Nano Car.  Potential use of nanotechnology is in nanomedicines. Nanotechnology ...

image© Wikipedia Schottky diode is a semiconductor diode which has low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching speed. The junction between an aluminum and n-type semiconductor constitutes a diode, known as Schottky diodes. The aluminum n-type Schottky diode has a cut in voltage of about 0.35 V. It is also known as Schottky barrier diode and hot-barrier diode.  When a Schottky diode is forward biased, that is positive terminal of a battery is connected to the metal and the negative terminal to semiconductor, current across the junction due to flow of electrons from semiconductor to the metal. Electrons thus entering the metal cannot be distinguished from the plentiful electrons already present in the metal and hence these do not constitute minority carriers. Therefore, when the junction voltage is reversed the problem of removal of the excess minority charge does not exist. Hence Schottky diode exhibit negligible storage time.   Construction and Symbol

If you are a interested in science fiction series or movies. You should have heard of it - God Particle. I heard of it in famous web series Dark. So, what is it exactly ? You are going to see it. God Particle is actually Higgs Boson. It is a elementary particle produced by Quantum excitation of the Higgs fields. It is named after Peter Higgs, who along with other scientist proposed the Higgs mechanism. This theory was their to explain why particle have mass. Well the name God Particle was not liked by many scientist even including Peter Higgs.  God Particle Higgs field is a scalar tachyonic field. It does not transform under Lorentz transformation and it is also imaginary particle. While   tachyon  are purely hypothetical concepts. Under no circumstances do any excitations ever propagate faster than light in such theories – the presence or absence of a tachyonic mass has no effect whatsoever on the maximum velocity of signals and there is no violation of causal...

We know that when it comes to Quantum Computing there is amazing things. So, in this post I have written about Quantum memory. The computer whether it is classical or quantum it requires RAM or memory for information processing. In classical computers memory stores information as binary states which is 1 or 0. They are called as bits. The one used in Quantum Computer is called Qubits. Qubits work on the basis of  Quantum Supremacy . The qubits are good for performing quantum logic gate operations. Quantum RAM is necessary for future computers. It will also composed of three basics components memory, input register and output register.  Some team of researchers at Griffith University constructed the proof of principles quantum simulator using a photon a single particle of light interacting with photon. They measured the memory requirements of this simulator and compared it with memory requirements of classical computers. The data showed that quantum system could complete the t...

  Among the physics light is always a amazing thing. The reason for this is the speed of light. We all know the exact speed of light in vacuum is 299,792,458 m/s. Light has so many theory in particle theory Newton stated that light is composed of corpuscles which has different color due to different size and in wave theory Christian Huygens proposed that light is wave and travel through a medium called Luminous Ether. Later the study of  Michael Faraday inspired James Clerk Maxwell to study the EM radiation of light due to which it is found out that light is EM wave. In Quantum theory, Max Planck research that light travel in form of packet of energy known as Quanta.  In special theory of relativity, Albert Einstein stated that objects mass depends on its energy. He give a formula ( Img-1 ) according to which an object can not travel at the speed of light. If you observe the formula perfectly, you will know. The reason is, if an object is travelling at the speed of light ...

In Quantum Mechanics Wave function's Amplitude oscillates between two states. This two state system is a system that can exist in any Quantum Superposition of two independent quantum states. It is also seen as qubit (i.e. it is a basic unit for Quantum Information). For better explanation of this we have experiments called Stern-Gerlach Experiment(Below image). In this experiment silver atom are pass using oven through inhomogeneous magnetic field. It is observed that  of spin 1/2 have a value +ħ/2 or -ħ/2 and  ħ stands for reduced Plank constant. This process would involve exponential decay of amplitudes, but solution of two-state systems are oscillatory. The pure state of the Quantum Mechanical system is represented by unit vectors also called as state vectors. The cyclic behavior of two-state quantum system in the presence of oscillatory driving fields is called as Rabi Cycle or Rabi Flops. This cycle is very important for quantum optics, magnetic resonance and quantum comp...

What is Quantum Tunnelling? Quantum tunnelling is a quantum mechanical topic in which subatomic particles probability disappears from one side of potential barriers and appears on other side without any probability current flow inside the barrier. In this effect particles have a finite probability of crossing an energy barrier. Tunneling occur in quantum mechanics when electron pass through the barrier which they possibly cannot pass. Its occur because of significant solution of Schrodinger Equation. Applications of Quantum Tunnelling Quantum tunnelling has its uses in Physics. Its uses are in nuclear fission, quantum computing, tunnel diode and scanning tunnelling microscope. Radioactive decay and the behavior of semiconductors and superconductors are also related applications of Quantum Tunnelling.  How Quantum Tunnelling happens? Lets get the example of throwing ball. Suppose you throw a ball above a wall. What will happen ? There are two possibilities i...

Time, it is a small thing for a person who doesn't have a interest in science field. But for a science person time is the biggest and curious chapter for him or her. We don't know from when our greatest scientists are working to Time from each and every aspect. The biggest question on Time is that "Can we control it". How many intelligent mind work on it but ended get nothing. In now a days scientist trying to find the answer of it in Quantum Physics. So, according to recent update some of the physicists were carrying out a Time Reversal Experiment and they succeed by reversing at some fraction. In the book name "The Quantum Universe: Everything that can happen does happen" the physicist Brian Cox mention that Entropy is the reason time flows in one direction. On the site Physics.org there is a post which say that physicist from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology reverse the state of Quantum computer a fraction second. They also find the pro...

In science sometime there is all about fiction. Now a days, people get interested by watching Sci-Fi movies or series. Among them today my Science fiction topic is "What will happen if Sun dies ?". As we all know Sun is the important part of our whole solar system. Imagining the life without solar system will be terrible. It is also a big star we all know. Also by the mass of composition Sun contain 75% Hydrogen and 25% of Helium. others metal composed 0.1% of Sun. The temperature of the Sun 10,340 Degree Fahrenheit. There is a theory that if Sun exhaust all of his hydrogen there will be giant glowing ring of dust and gas. Its orbit can expand beyond Venus. The of this object will be Nebula ( Interstellar cloud of hydrogen, helium and other ionized gas ). According to study it will be alive for 10K years to 20K years. After it disappear it will disperse the raw material which will provide star and other cosmic things. This whole research are based on Computer models. ...

Spacetime, it is mathematical model which fuses the three dimension of space and one dimension of time. Classical mechanics treats time as universal quantity which is uniform throughout the space. Everything with this spacetime move along the path which is defined as curvature. Gravity is a first fundamental force but now also it is least understood. After the Theory of Special Relativity, it become easy to understood space and time are same entity. The presence of mass and energy curve space time and make it fabric. Therefore another object travelling through this fabric get bent dye to the gravitational source. This is the cause which explain expanding of universe or called stretching of spacetime. But still the knowledge is incomplete because our less knowledge in Quantum Physics. When large masses move suddenly, some of this space-time curvature ripples outward, spreading in much the way as ripples on the surface of an agitated pond. When two dense objects such as neut...

As we know how many equation has change the physics. There is so many famous equation e.g. E=mc2. Among them there are equation which is not famous but are amazing. So in this post I am going to written about a equation known as Drake Equation. The equation was written by Frank Drake and named after him. this equation probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in The Milky Way Galaxy. The equation summarizes the main concepts which scientist must contemplate when arguing to find other radio-communicative life. The Drake Equation is given in the image below.  Our scientists have discovered so many  exoplanet.  We still don't know how long our universe is, so there is a probability that there will be other civilization. this may have the possibility to do so. The astronomy professor Harlow Shapley speculate that there can be 10 million million million sun in universe. The Drake Equation amounts to a summa...