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Docker - The Containerization platform

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Docker is an open source containerization platform. Docker enables developers to package applications into containers—standardized executable components that combine application source code with all the operating system (OS) libraries and dependencies required to run the code in any environment. While developers can create containers without Docker, Docker makes it easier, simpler, and safer to build, deploy, and manage containers. It’s essentially a toolkit that enables developers to build, deploy, run, update, and stop containers using simple commands and work-saving automation.

What is container? 

A container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings.

Container images become containers at runtime and in the case of Docker containers - images become containers when they run on Docker Engine. Available for both Linux and Windows-based applications, containerized software will always run the same, regardless of the infrastructure. Containers isolate software from its environment and ensure that it works uniformly despite differences for instance between development and staging.

Docker containers that run on Docker Engine:

Standard: Docker created the industry standard for containers, so they could be portable anywhere. 

Lightweight: Containers share the machine’s OS system kernel and therefore do not require an OS per application, driving higher server efficiencies and reducing server and licensing costs. 

Secure: Applications are safer in containers and Docker provides the strongest default isolation capabilities in the industry



Docker Engine

Docker Engine powers millions of applications worldwide, providing a standardized packaging format for diverse applications. Docker Engine is the industry’s de facto container runtime that runs on various Linux (CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Oracle Linux, RHEL, SUSE, and Ubuntu) and Windows Server operating systems. Docker creates simple tooling and a universal packaging approach that bundles up all application dependencies inside a container which is then run on Docker Engine. Docker Engine enables containerized applications to run anywhere consistently on any infrastructure, solving “dependency hell” for developers and operations teams, and eliminating the “it works on my laptop!” problem.

Why use Docker engine? 

Accelerate Innovation - Docker Engine forms the common foundation underlying the Docker Enterprise platform, allowing developers and operators to turn ideas into reality quickly and securely.

Freedom of Choice - Docker Engine supports any type of application - legacy to cloud-native, monolithic to 12-factor - and works with multiple operating systems, across hybrid/multi-cloud and validated to work with Kubernetes CRI.

Intrinsic Security - Docker Engine is built with security in mind. With Docker Content Trust and FIPS 140-2 validation, Docker Engine users can run containerized applications in highly regulated environments.




Features & capabilities of Docker Engine

Powered by containerd - Built on the leading open source container runtime, a graduated project of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Containerd implements Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) and is widely adopted across public clouds and enterprises.

Integrated BuildKit - BuildKit is an open source tool that takes the instructions from a Dockerfile and ‘builds” a Docker image. This process can take a long time so BuildKit provides several architectural enhancements that makes it much faster, more precise and portable.

Docker CLI - The most popular way to interface with Docker containers is the Docker CLI - a simple, yet powerful client that greatly simplifies how you manage container instances through a clear set of commands.
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